IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


1.0    Utt  IIM 

156       §37         ^^ 


I.I 


1.25 


Hi 


22 

If  m  IIP.o 


1.4 


1.8 


1.6 


V] 


<? 


/^ 


/: 


#: 


/A 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


#.^%/ 

%  i^.< 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  m  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 
D 
D 
D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  pelliculie 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


L'instltut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  it^  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-^tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mithode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


The 
to  tt 


0 

D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur  . 

Pages  damaged/ 

Pages  endommagias       -:      . 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicul^es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tacheties  ou  piquees 


Th« 
posi 
of  tl 
filmi 


Orig 

begi 

the 

•ion 

othe 

first 

sion 

or  ill 


□ 


D 


D 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


D 


Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachees 


□    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

□    Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relit  avec  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  iiiterior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauratlon  apparaissent  dans  la  texts, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  its  filmies. 


r~7]    Showthrough/ 


D 
D 
D 
D 


Transparence   , 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc..  cnt  it6  film^es  ^  nouveau  de  facon  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


The 
shal 
TINI 
wfii« 

Ma|] 
difff 
entii 
begi 
righ 
reqi 
met 


n 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires; 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmt  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


Th«  copy  filmad  h«r«  has  b««n  rsproducod  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of : 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


L'axamplaira  filmA  fut  raproduit  grica  A  la 
ginArosit*  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacifications. 


Las  imagas  suivantas  ont  4ti  raproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattatA  da  l'axamplaira  filmA.  at  an 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  and  anding  on  the  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illustratad  imprassion. 


Las  axamplairas  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  an 
papiar  ast  imprimte  sont  filmte  an  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  mn  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darniira  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  la  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axamplairas 
originaux  sont  filmAs  an  commanpant  par  la 
pramiAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darniAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 


Tha  last  racordad  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED ").  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END  "). 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
fiimAs  A  des  taux  da  rMuction  diffirants. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6.  il  est  film*  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gf  jche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  la  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaira.  Las  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Th 


"-    ■» 


r45i 


SKow  tun 


PRESIDENT  OF  THU  UNITED  STATES, 


CDUMUKICATIira 


The  Letter  of  Mr.  Prevost^  and  other  BocumentSf 


-    -  -1  ■      H- 


ItGLATIHS   TQ   AIT   ESTABIISRHEITT   MASS  4T    THE   MOOTH    Of 


^^inmMu  Mmtti 


JANUARY  27,  1823. 
Head,  and  ordered  to  Ife  on  the  table. 


WAsuiNOTosr: 

fHIKTKD   IT   OAT.TIS   U   mSATQir, 


r 
i 
] 
I 


[45] 


TO  THE  HOUSE  OT  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES'. 

I  transmit,  herewith,  to  the  House  of  Reppesentatives,  a 
report  from  the  Secretary  of  State,  together  with  the  document  and 
information  requested  by  the  resolution  of  the  House,  of  the  I9th  of 
December  last,  relating  to  the  establishment  at  the  mouth  of  Colum;- 

bia  River.  „ 

JAMES  MOJSRO£. 

Washingtim,  ZSth  January i  182.S^. 


o 


0485 


Pacific  N.W.  History  Dcot 

PROVINCIAL  UIBRARY 
VICTORIA,  B.  C. 


0 

« 

« 

« 

<l 
<l 
« 

1! 


[45] 


Department  of  State, 

Washington,  24th  January t  1823. 

The  Secretary  of  State,  to  whom  has  been  referred  the  resolution 
of  the  House  of  Representatives,  of  the  19th  of  December  last,  re- 
questing of  the  President  of  the  United  States  "  to  lay  before  that 
**  House  so  much  of  the  letter  of  Mr.  Prevost  as  relates  to  the  esta- 
**  blishment  at  the  mouth  of  Columbia  River;  and  such  information 
<*  as  he  may  have  in  his  possession  in  relation  to  the  arrangements 
**  made,  about  the  year  1814,  by  the  Northwest  Company,  with  the 
**  proprietors  of  a  settlement  made  by  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
^*  at  the  mouth  of  Columbia  River,  by  which  that  Company  became 
**  possessed  of  that  settlement;"  has  the  honor  of  reporting  to  the 
President,  copies  of  the  papers  requested  by  that  Resolution. 

JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS 


« 


[46  J 


LIST  OF  PAPERS. 

Mr.  Prfevost  to  tlie  Secretary  of  State,  11th  November,  1818. 
Ml".  Astor  to  same,         -  -  4tli  January,  1823. 

Same  to  same,     -  -  -  February,  1818. 

Iiiveiildiy  and  accounts  -  -  12th  January,  1818. 

Extract  of  a  letter  to  J.  G.  M'Tavish,     9th  May,  1813. 


i 


[45] 


T 


Mr.  J.  B.  Prcvost  to  the  Secretary  of  State, 

Monte  Rey,  New  CALiFORnriAy 

Wtit  JVovember^  1818. 

Sir:  In  conformity  with  mine  of  the  27tli  July,  wliieh  I  had  tho 
honor  to  addrc.og  to  your  Department  from  Lima,  I  proceeded,  in  his 
Britannic  Majesty's  sloop  of  war  Blossom,  to  the  month  of  the  Co- 
lumbia, and  entered  the  river  on  the  1st  of  October  followinjj;.  A 
few  days  tliereafter,  to  wit,  on  the  6th,  as  you  will  perceive  by  refer- 
ring to  a  copy  of  the  act  of  surrender,  marked  A,  I  received,  in  the 
name,  and  on  the  part,  of  the  United  States^  tlie  possession  of  the  es- 
tablishment at  Fort  George,  made  under  the  first  article  of  the  treaty 
of  Ghent,  by  Captain  Uickey,  of  the  Royal  Navy,  in  compliance 
with  the  orders  of  the  Prince  Regent  for  that  purpose,  signified  to 
him  through  the  medium  of  the  Earl  of  Bathurst.  The  British  Hag 
was,  thereupon,  lowered,  and  that  of  the  United  States  hoisted  in  its 
stead;  where  it  now  waves,  in  token  both  of  possession  and  of  sove- 
reignty. 

The  establishment,  of  which  the  annexed  sketch,  marked  B,  will 
give  you  a  correct  idea,  has  been  considerably  extended  and  in)proved 
by  the  agents  of  the  Northwest  Company  of  Canada,  who  \\'i\\  con- 
tinue to  occupy  and  protect  it,  under  our  flag,  until  it  shall  please  the 
President  to  give  orders  for  their  removal.  I  will,  however,  suggest, 
that,  when  such  disposition  shall  take  pla(  c,  time  ought  to  be  granted, 
in  a  ratio  with  the  distance,  to  enable  tliem  to  obtain  tlie  means  of 
transporting  the  private  property  deposited  tiiere,  consisting  of  dry 
goods,  furs,  and  implements  of  war,  to  a  large  amount. 

Shortly  after  the  ceremony  of  surrender,  1  received  a  note  on  this 
subject  from  Mr.  Keith,  the  gentleman  whose  signature  accompa- 
nies that  of  Captain  J.  Hickey,  which,  together  with  a  copy  of  my 
answer,  also  marked  B,  is  submitted  for  your  inspection.  A  sense  of 
justice  would  have  dictated  the  assurances  I  have  given  him  in  reply; 
but  1  had  a  further  motive,  which  was,  that  of  subsiding  the  a|ipre* 
hensions  excited  by  the  abrupt  visit  of  the  Ontario.  It  appeared  to 
me  prudent,  in  this  view,  to  take  no  notice  of  the  suggestion  relative 
to  a  discussion  of  boundary;  and,  in  answering,  to  avoid  any  inti- 
mation of  immediate  or  of  future  removal;  as  cither  might  have  in- 
duced him  to  form  a  settlement  elsewhere  on  the  river,  and  thus  give 
rise  to  collisions  between  the  two  governments,  which  may  now  be 
wholly  avoided. 

The  bay  is  spacious;  contains  several  anchoring  places,  in  a  suffi- 
cient depth  of  water;  and  is,  by  no  means,  so  diflicult  of  ingress,  as 
has  been  represented.  Those  enjoying  the  exclusive  commerce,  have, 
probably,  cherished  an  impression  unfavorable  to  its  continuance, 
sjowingputof  the  incomplete  survey  of  JLieutcnant  Broughton,  made 


8 


[45] 


i 


iiiulpp  tlio  onlcrs  M'  Vanrouvcp,  in  1792.  It  is  true  that  there  in  a 
bar  rxtiMi(lin.e;  across  the  nxtiith  oi'  thr  river,  at  either  extremity  of 
which,  are,  at  times,  appailirK;  breakers;  but  it  ise(|uall>  true,  that  it 
offeis,  at  the  hiwest  tides,  adeiithortweuty-oriefeotof  \vatcr,throu(i:liout 
a  i)assii_t>;e  exempt  IVom  them,  of  nearly  a  league  in  width.  The  IJIos- 
som.  carry  iii,(^  more  p^utis  than  the  Ontai'io,  encountered  a  clianj£;e  of  wind 
while  in  tlie  ( liannel;  was  compelled  to  let  go  the  anchor;  and,  when 
again  \vei,ij;hed.  to  tacU  and  heat,  in  order  to  reach  the  harbor,  yet  fonnd 
a  greater  depth,  and  met  with  no  dilticulty  either  then  or  on  leaving 
the  l);iy.  The  survey,  maiked  C,  may  be  relied  upon  for  its  accuracy^ 
The  healings,  «listaiices,  and  soundings,  were  taken  by  Captain 
Hickcy,  wiio  was  kind  enough  to  lend  hin)self  to  the  examination,  and 
torui-iiish  Uio  with  this  result.  Jt  is  the  more  interesting,  as  it  shows 
that,  with  the  aid  of  buoys,  the  access  to  vesselfi  of  almost  any  ton- 
nage, may  l>e  rendered  secure.  In  addition  to  this,  it  is  susceptible 
of  entii'e  defence;  because  a  ship,  after  passing  the  bar,  in  order  to 
avoid  tlie  Inoaking  of  the  sea  on  one  ot  the  banks,  is  obliged  to 
bear  up  (lireclly  for  tlie  kiudl  forming  the  cape;  at  all  times  to  ap- 
j)i()arli  within  a  short  distance  of  its  base;  and,  most  frequently, 
tliere  to  anchor.  I'iius,  a  small  batteiy  erected  on  this  point,  iu 
con|nnclion  v\ith  tlic  siiiges  on  the  o])posit'>  side,  would  so  endanger 
the  approach,  as  to  deter  an  eitemy,  however  hardy,  from  the  at- 
te:u  |>t. 

'Ihis  outlet,  tlic  only  one  between  the  38th  and  53d  degrees  of  lati- 
tude, embraces  the  entire  range  of  country  from  the  ocean  to  the 
mountains;  and  its  intericn*  unites  the  advantage  of  a  water  cominu- 
3ii(  I'.tioa  throughout,  by  means  ot  the  many  streams  tributary  to  the 
l!olu!nbia.  two  of  which  disembogue  (tpposite  to  each  other,  within 
twenty-live  leagues  of  the  p^rt,  are  na\igable,  and  nearly  of  equal 
magnitude  with  this  beautiful  river.  Tlie  ocean  teems  with  otter, 
(miistela  lutica.)  the  seal,  and  the  whale;  while  t|ie  main-land  affords, 
in  innumerahle  quantities,  the  common  otter,  (mustela  lutica,)  the 
bear,  tlic  hiin'aloc,  an«l  the  wliole  varity  of  deer. 

It  has  been  ohsor\ed,  iiy  those  exploring  this  coast,  that  the  climate, 
to  the  southward  of  fil  degrees,  assumes  a  mildness  unknown  in  the 
same  latitude  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  continent.  Without  digress- 
ing to  speculate  uiioii  tiie  cause,  I  will  merely  state,  that  such  is  par- 
ticularly the  lad  in  4('>*  KJ',  the  site  of  Fort  Geoige.  The  mercury, 
durio'-  the  winter,  seldom  descends  below  the  fieezing  point;  when  it 
does  HO,  is  rarely  slali<»nary  for  any  number  of  days;  and  the  severity 
of  tlie  season  isinoie  determined  by  the  quantity  of  water  than  by 
its  coil" elation.  Tlie  rains  ns\:ally  commence  with  November,  and 
continue  to  fall  partially  until  tiie  latter  end  of  March  or  beginning 
of  April.  A  benign  spring  succeeds;  and  when  the  summer  heats 
obtain,  i\\v\  are  so  ifin|»("reil  by  sliowers,  as  seldom  to  suspend  \ege- 
tatioii.  I  lo!iti(i  it  lii\ni!:)iit  on  my  arrival;  and,  during  a  fortnight 
slay,  e\i)ericnce(l  no  cliiji_i:;e  of  weather  to  retard  its  course,  'i'lic 
soil  is  g:>(!<{;  ail  the  cercai  -^ri'iiiina  ami  tuherous  plants,  may  be  ('ul- 
livaled  with  luh a)itai;iN  ami  l!ie  waters  abound  in  salmon,  sturgeon, 
and  other  \aiiiliis  (»!'  bsh. 


■  ;• 


C  45  ]  • 

The  natives,  in  appearance  as  well  as  in  character,  differ  essen- 
tially from  tliose  with  us.  They  are  less  in  stature,  more  delicately 
formed,  and  singular  in  the  shape  of  the  head;  wliicli,  in  infancy,  is 
compressed  between  two  small  plates  of  wood  or  metal,  so  as  in  its 
growth  to  obtain  the  semblance  of  a  wedgic.  They  are  inquisitive, 
cheerful,  sagacious,  possess  fewer  of  the  vices  attributed  to  the  sa- 
vage, and  are  less  addicted  to  cruelties  in  war.  Scalping  is  unknown 
to  them;  and  a  prisoner  suffers  the  infliction  of  no  other  punishment 
than  that  of  becoming  slave  to  the  captor:  but,  as  they  neither  sow 
nor  raapy  an  observer  cannot  easily  discern  in  what  the  servitude 
consists.  The  wants  of  the  oi>e  are  supplied  by  his  own  address  in 
the  use  of  the  bow  and  spear;  while  those  of  the  other  require  the 
same  efforts,  and  equal  skill,  for  their  grntification. 

The  language,  on  this  side  of  the  Falls,  bears  a  strong  analogy 
¥rith  that  of  Nootka;  so  much  so,  that,  with  the  aid  of  a  Spanish  vo- 
cabulary of  the  latter,  accompanying  the  voyage  of  Valdcs,  I  could, 
notwithstanding  the  in::perfection  in  this  mode  of  conveying  and  of 
oiitaining  sounds,  express  my  wants,  and  be  perfectly  understood.  I 
met  with  several  of  the  natives  who  had  heretofore  volunteered  on 
board  of  some  one  of  our  vessels  in  their  fur  excursions;  two  of  whom 
had  acquired  a  sufficient  knowledge  of  our  language  to  speak  it  with 
some  case,  and  were  extremely  solicitous  to  embark  with  us. 

I  regret  that  I  could  not  collect  sufficient  data  upon  which  to  ground 
an  estimate  of  the  furs  gathered  on  the  Columbia:  it  was  impossible, 
for  reasons  that  are  obvious.  Humboldt  has  undertaken  to  number 
those  of  the  otter  taken  on  the  coast  and  shipped  to  China,  of  which 
he  assigns  five-sixths  to  the  Americans.  He  may  be  correct  as  to  the 
quantity,  but  I  doubt  whether  the  proportion  be  quite  so  great;  as  it 
frequently  happens  that  the  EnglisJi  adventurer  confides  his  stock  to 
our  countrymen,  in  order  to  participate  in  the  benefit  of  a  maiket, 
from  a  direct  intercourse  with  which  he  is  excluded  by  the  laws  of  his 
country. 

Perhaps  I  have  gone  too  much  into  detail,  but  it  appeared  to 
me,  that,  by  exhibiting  the  importance  of  the  iMJsition  only,  I  should 
not  have  fulfilled  the  object  of  the  Pixsident;  that  it  was  equally  in- 
cumbent on  me  to  present  a  view  of  the  country,  of  its  inhabitants,  of 
its  resources,  of  its  approach,  and  of  its  means  of  defence.  1  shall 
now  conclude  with  the  relation  of  an  occurrence  which  may  and  ought 
to  influence  the  couise  to  be  adopted,  and  pursued  as  to  tl'iis station. 

The  speculations  of  Humboldt,  his  glowing  description  oftiic  soil 
and  climate  of  this  Province,  have  probably  given  a  new  direction  to 
the  ambition  of  Russia,  and  determined  its  Emperor  to  tiie  acquisition 
of  empire  in  America.  Until  1816,  the  settlements  of  this  power  did 
not  reach  to  the  southward  of  55%*  and  were  of  no  consideration,  al- 
though dignified  by  them  with  the  title  of  Russian  America. 

In  the  commencement  of  that  year,  two  distinct  establishments 

*  Chart  of  the  discoveries  of  Kussian  N'avi/.\itois,  i)ubli.slie(l  bv  onkr  of  the  Emperor 
in  1802,  referred  to  bv  Ihimbolclt.  in  bis  V.-v    -fN'f-  S^r.-Au,  li'iuislauon,  nafe^rO, 


r, ,  - 


■"'■ 


10 


[45] 


-were  made,  of  a  different  and  of  a  more  imposing  character.    Th« 
first  at  Atuoi,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  the  other  in  this  vicinity; 
withip  a  few  leagues  of  St.  Francisco,  the  most  northerly  possession  of 
Spain,  in  37'  Sfi'.    The  sketch  1  subjoin,  marked  D,  was  procured, 
from  a  member  of  the  government  at  this  place,  from  whom  I  also^, 
learned,  that  its  augmentation  has  since  become  so  considerable  as  to    ' 
excite  serious  alarm.    Two  Russian   ships  left  this  on  their  way. 
thither  a  few  days  anterior  to  our  arriv{il,  the  one  having  on  board , 
mechanics  of  every  drscri|>t^on,  to,i;ether  with  implements  of  husband- 
ry.    We  passed  sufficiently  near  the  spot  assigned  to  it,  to  distinguish 
the  coast  with  some  precision,  and  ascertained  that  it  was  an  open, 
road — a  circumstance  that  renders  the  position  liable  to  many  objec- 
tions, if  intended  to  be  permanent;  in  other  respects,  the  choice  is  judir  '.• 
.ciousfur  an  infant  colony.    It  enjoys  a  climate  still  milder  than 
that  of  Columbia,  is  environed  by  a  beautiful  country,  and  its  proximi-. 
ty  to  an  old  settlement  enables  the  Russian  to  partake  of  the  numer- 
ous herds  of  black  cattle  and  horses  that  have  been  there  multiplying 
for  the  last  fittv  years.     The  port  of  St.  Francis,  is  one  of  the  most 
convenient,  extensive,  and  safe  in  the  world,  wholly  without  defence^ 
and  in  the  neighborhood  of  a  feeble,  diffUsed,  and  disaffected  popula- 
tion.    Under  all  these  circumstances,  may  we  not  infer  views  to  the 
early  possession  of  this  harbor,  and  iiltimately  to  the  sovereignty  of 
entire  California?  Surely  the  growth  of  a  race  on  these  shores,  scarce- 
ly emerged  from  the  savage  state,  guided  by  a  chief  who  seeks  not  to 
emancipate,  but  to  entliral,  is  an  event  to  be  deprecated — an  event* 
the  mere  apprehension  of  which,  ought  to  excite  the  jealousies  of  the 
United  States,  so  far  at  least,  as  to  induce  the  cautionary  measure  of 
preserving  a  station  which  may  serve  as  a  barrier  to  a  northern 
aggrandizement. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  gather  other  information  respecting  the 
settlement  at  Atooi,  than  that  of  an  assurance  of  its  existence — a  fact 
corroborated  by  the  visit  of  the  two  ships  to  those  islands  in  their 
route  hither.  The  Russians  are  not  yet  such  enterprising  navigators 
as  to  augment  sea  risks,  by  extending  a  voyage  several  thousand 
miles  without  an  object.  Such  was  the  case  in  this  instance,  unless 
connected  with  the  settlement,  as  they  had  sailed  from  Lima  abundant- 
ly supplied,  a  few  weeks  prior  to  my  first  visit  to  that  city  in  April 
last. 

These  islands  yield  the  sandal  wood,  so  much  esteemed  in  Chin^» 
and  have  been  resorted  to  by  our  vessels  for  years  past,  not  only  in 
search  of  this  valuable  article,  but  of  the  necessary  stock  of  fresh 
provisions  to  supply  the  crew  during  their  cruise  on  the  Northwest 
Coast.  How  far  this  intercourse  may  be  affected,  hereafter,  by  this 
encroachment,  is  also  a  subject  for  the  consider.ition  of  the  President. 
1  have  taken  the  liberty  to  enclose  a  note,  marked  E,  of  the  au- 
thorities, Spanish  as  well  as  English,  that  have  fallen  under  my 
view,  illustrating  the  discovery  of  the  Columbia,  by  Mr.  Gray,  in 
1791.  Its  subsequent  occupation  in  1811,  by  which  the  sovereignty 
of  the  United  States  was  completed,  to  tlie  exclusion  of  any  Euro- 


'i» 


r^%.. 


■f  J  -« .  -  'J 


[451 


^  ^*; 


11 


peHh  cliumant,  is  a  fact  of  which  the  suirender  of  tliie  sole  establish- 
ment on  the  river  is  conclusive  evidence. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  wijih  great  consideration,  your  very  hum- 
ble obedient  servant,    ,  .^         ^      .     ^ 

n.    ^     .17,       i  .  ^       j^  g^  PREVOST. 


f{.  .7t 


"^ 


.^  .      ^ '    *  !  Jfr.  J.  J.  J«tor  fo  </ie  Secretary  of  State.  ' 

fttV.->i  <r>:    f  ''  V'    -I '  •  *  "Sbyt  YoBK,  January  4,  1823. 

Sib:  I  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  letter  of  24th  ultimo.  Indis- 
position has  prevented  my  acknowledging  the  receipt  thereof  at  an 
earlier  period. 

You  request  information  of  arrangements  made  at  about  1814,  by 
the  !Morthwest  Company,  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  by 
^hich  that  Company  became  possessed  of  a  settlement  made  at  the 
taouth  of  Columbia  river  by  citizens  of  the  United  States.  The  set- 
tlement to  which  you  allude,  I  presume,  is  '*  Astoria,"  as  1  know  of 
Ho  other  having  been  made  at  or  near  the  moutb  of  that  river.  Seve- 
k>al  circumstances  are  alleged  as  having  contributed  to  the  arrange- 
ment by  which  the  North-west  Company  became  in  possession  of  that 
settlement,  but  chiefly  to  the  misuse  of  the  confidence  which  had  been 

./placed  in  Mr.  M*DougaIl,  who,  at  the  time  the  an-angemcnt  was 

^»niade,  and  at  the  time  my  chief  agent,  Mr.  Wilson  P.  Hunt,  was  ab- 
sent, acted  as  sub-agent. 

I  beg  leave  briefly  to  state,  th<it,  contemplating  to  make  an  estab- 
lishment at  the  mouth  of  Columbia  river*  which  should  serve  as  a 

•  place  of  depot,  and  give  further  facilities  for  conducting  a  trade  across 
this  continent  to  that  river,  and  from  thence,  on  the  range  of  North- 
west Coast,  &c.  and  to  Canton,  in  Cliina*  and  from  thence  to  the 
United  States;  arrangements  were  accordingly  made,  in  1810,  for  a 
party  of  men  to  cross  the  continent,  for  the  Columbia  river.  At  the 
same  time,  I  fitted  the  ship  Tonquin,  carrying  twenty  guns  and  sixty 
men,  commanded  by  the  late  Captain  Thorn,  Lieutenant  of  United 
States  Navy.'  This  ship  sailed  in  September,  1810,  having  on  board 
the  means  for  making  an  establishment  at  Columbia,  where  she  ar- 

'  rived  on  22d  March,  1811.  They  landed,  found  the  natives  friendly, 
and  built  a  fort,  erected  a  house,  store,  &c.  6cc.  This  being  accom-* 
plished,  Captain^Thorn  left  thirty  men  in  possession  of  the  place,  to 
await  the  party  which  were  to  make  the  voyage  over  land;  these  also 
happily  arrived,  though  not  till  several  months  after.  On  about  the 
first  of  June,  Captain  Thorn  left  Columbia  river  with  a  view  to  make 
some  trade  on  the  coast,  and  then  to  return  to  the  river;  but,  unfor- 
tunately. Captain  Thorn  never  returned.  At  about  200  miles  north 
of  the  Columbia,  he  put  in  a  Bay  t(  trade  with  the  natives.  Not  at- 
tending to  the  precautions  necessary,  as  he  had  been  instructed  to  do, 
to  guard  against  an  attack,  he  suffered  a  whole  tribe  of  Indians  to 
come  on  board  and  about  his  ship;  an  attack  was  madej  he  was  over- . 


IS 


L45  1 


powered;  fire  was  communicated  to  the  magazine;  the  ship  was  blowu 
up;  and  every  nouI  on  board,  or  near  her,  perished. 

In  1811  I  fitted  out  another  ship,  the  Beaver,  carrying  twenty 
guns,  with  a  duplicate  cargo  of  the  ship  Tonquin,  and  60  to  70  men. 
The  Captain,  (Sowle,)  was  instructed  to  sail  for  Columbia  river, 
and  in  search  of  the  men  which  were  sent  across  the  continent,  as 
also  the  Tonquin.  The  Beaver  sailed  from  this  in  October,  181 1» 
arrived  at  Columbia  in  May  following,  found  the  establishment, 
landed  such  men,  goods,  provisions,  &c.  as  the  establishment  was  in 
need  of.  My  instructions  to  the  captain  were,  that,  after  supplying 
tlie  establishment/  he  should  proceed  to  Chatka,  a  Russian  settle- 
ment, for  the  purpose  of  trade,  and  then  to  return  to  Columbia,  take 
-what  furs  we  had,  and  proceed  to  Canton,  and  from  thence  to  New 
York.  He  accordingly  left  Columbia,  and,  most  unfortunately,  Mr. 
Hunt,  of  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  my  chief  agent,  left  the  river  with 
him,  sailed,  as  directed,  for  the  Russian  settlement,  effected  their  ob- 
ject, but,  instead  of  following  instructions  to  return  to  Columbia,  he 
sailed  direct  for  Canton,  leaving  Mr.  Hunt  at  one  of  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  to  await  the  arrival  of  another  ship  which  I  had  promised  to 
send  from  this  in  1812.  The  ship  Beaver  arrived  at  *Canton,  and 
received  there  the  news  df  war.  I  had  sent  orders  to  the  captain  to 
return  to  Astoria,  but  he  was  fearful  of  being  captured,  and  remained 
safely  at  Canton  till  the  war  was  over,  when  he  came  home.  In  con- 
sequence of  the  war,  I  found  it  inconvenient  to  send  a  ship  in  1812; 
but  I  did  send  one,  (the  iJ^rk,)  early  in  1813,  with  directions  to  the 
captain  to  sail  for  Columbia  river,  and  to  stop  at  the  Sandwich 
Islands  for  information.  Being  within  a  few  day's  sail  of  those 
islands,  the  ship,  in  a  squall  of  wind,  was  upset,  and  finally  drifted 
on  t!]e  beach  of  one  of  those  islands,  a  wreck,  ship  and  cargo  totally 
lost.  Here  was  met  Mr.  Hunt,  who,  after  all  the  information  he  re- 
ceived, und  my  great  desire  to  protect  the  establishment  at  Columbia 
river,  procured  an  American  vessel,  took  some  provisions,  sailed, 
and  arrived  in  Columbia  river.  He  there  learnt  that  McDougall  had 
transferred  all  my  property  to  the  Northwest  Company,  who  were 
in  possession  of  it,  by  a  sale,  as  he  called  it,  for  the  sum  of  about 
^58,000,  of  which  he  retained  ;gl4,000,  for  wages  said  to  be  due  to 
some  of  the  men.  From  the  price  obtained  for  the  goods,  &c.  and  he 
having  himself  become  interested  in  the  purchase,  and  made  a  part- 
ner of  the  Northwest  Company,  some  idea  may  be  formed  as  to  this 
man's  correctness  of  dealings.  It  will  be  seen,  by  the  agreement,  of 
which  I  transmit  a  copy,  and  the  inventory,  that  he  sold  to  the  North- 
west Company  18,17o|  lbs.  of  beaver,  at  S2,  which  was  at  about 
that  time  selling  in  Canton  at  5  and  S6;  907  otter  skins,  at  50  cents, 
or  half  a  dollar,  which  were  selling  in  Canton  at  5  to  g6  per  skin. 

I  estimated  the  whole. property  to  be  worth  nearer  8200,000,  than 
g40,000,  about  the  sum  which  I  received  by  bills  on  Montreal.  Pre- 
vious to  the  transaction  of  McDougall,  we  had  already  established 
trading  posts  in  the  interior,  and  were  in  contact  with  the  Northwest 
Company.  It  is  now  to  be  seen  what  means  have  been  used  by  them 
to  counteract  my  plan.    It  is  wijl  known,  that,  as  soon  as  the  North* 


r 


C46]    * 


•  ij     ■■,■ 

Id 


\re9t  Company  had  information  of  my  intentions,  and  plan  fpr  con- 
ducting  my  commercial  operations*  they  despatched  a  party  of  men 
from  the  interior,  with  a  view  to  arrive  before  my  people  at  Colum- 
bia. These  r.ien  were  obliged  to  return  without  effecting  their  object. 
In  the  mean  time,  representation  was  made  to  their  government  as  to 
the  probable  effect  of  my  operations  on  their  interest,  and  re- 
questing to  interfere  in  their  behalf.  This  being  in  time  of  peace, 
the  government  did  not  deem  it  advisable  so  to  do.  So  soon,  how- 
ever, as  war  was  declared,  these  representations  were  renewed,  aid 
was  asked  from  the  government,  and  it  was  granted.  The  Phoebe 
frigate,  and  sloops  of  war  Racoon  and  Porcupine,  were  sent  from 
England,  with  orders  to  proceed  to  Columbia  river,  and  destroy  my 
property.  They  sailed  from  England  early  in  January,  1813;  ar- 
riving at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Admiral  Dickson  ordered  the  PhoBbe  fri- 
fate,  with  one  of  the  sloops,  to  pursue  Captain  Porter,  in  the  frigate 
Issex,  and  the  sloop  of  war  Racoon  to  the  Columbia.  She  arrived 
there,  took  possession  in  the  name  of  the  King,  and  changed  the  name 
of  the  place,  Astoria,  to  Fort  George.  Previous  to  this,  the  North- 
west Company  had  despatched  another  or  second  party  of  men  to  the 
Columbia.  They  arrived  there  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Hunt.  McDou- 
gall  gave  them  support  and  protection,  and  they  commenced,  after 
some  time,  to  negotiate  with  this  gentleman. 

The  reasons  assigned  by  him  for  his  conduct  will  be  seen  by  ex- 
tract of  a  letter  said  to  have  been  sent  by  a  Mr.  Shaw,  of  the  North- 
west Company,  and  of  which  I  send  you  a  copy.  The  plan  by  me 
adopted  was  such  as  must  have  materially  affected  the  interest  of  the 
Northwest  and  Hudson's  Bay  Companies,  and  it  was  easily  to  be 
foreseen,  that  they  would  employ  every  means  to  counteract  my  op- 
erations, and  which,  as  my  impression,  I  stated  to  the  Executive  of 
your  Department  as  early  as  February,  1813,  as  will  be  seen  by  a 
copy  of  the  sketch  of  a  letter  which  I  wrote  to  the  Secretary  uf 
State,  to  which  no  reply  was  .given.  On  repeated  application,  some 
time  after,  aid  was  promised  me;  bi}t  I  believe  the  situation  of  our 
country  rendered  it  inconvenient  to  give  it.  Yon  will  observe  that 
the  name  of  Pacific  Fur  Company  is  made  use  of  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  arrangements  for  this  undertaking.  I  preferred  to  have 
it  appear  as  the  business  of  a  company,  rather  than  that  of  an  indi- 
vidual, and  several  of  the  gentlemen  engaged,  Mr.  Hunt,  Mr.  Crooks, 
Mr.  McKay,  McDougall,  Stuart,  &c.  were  in  effect  to  be  interested 
is  partners  in  the  undertaking,  so  far  as  respected  any  profit  which 
might  arise;  but  the  means  were  furnished  by  me,  and  the  property  < 
was  solely  mine,  and  I  sustained  the  loss,  which,  though  conside- 
rable, I  do  not  regret;  because,  had  it  not  been  for  the  unfortunate 
occurrence  just  stated,  I  should  have  been,  as  I  believe,  most  richly 
rewarded,  as  it  will  be  seen  that  tlie  difference  of  price  in  the  beaver 
and  otter  skins  alone,  say  what  I  received,  and  the  value  of  them  at 
Canton,  at  that  time,  is  about  S60,000.  The  copy  of  agreement,  in- 
ventory, and  extract  of  Shaw's  letter,  you  will  please  return  to  mc. 

ICTi.^*'. '^    '  lara,  Sir,  &c. 

^^  JOHN  JACOB  ASTOR. 

-  Hdn.  John  Qvincy  Adams,  Secretary  of  State. 


■f 


■J-   T 


44 


I  45] 


M^M  "N*^      Jir,  JMor  to  Mr,  Mn&6e,  'Sidretary  of  <8ftft*.       *"  **'':|i» 
^  :^  •  '     '  New  YoBK,  Februtry,  IBIS. 


-v'i 


Sir:  I  take  the  liberty  to  call  to  your  recollectfoti  the  subject  of 
which  I  spoke  when  I  had  the  honor  of  waiting  on  you  at  Washing- 
ton, and  to  enclose  copy  of  a  letter  which  1  received  in  November 
last  via  Canada,  as  also,  copies  of  some  notes  passed  between  some 
of  the  agents  which  I  sent  to  Columbia  River,  and  Mr.  Thompson* 
a  partner  of  the  Northwest  Company  of  Canada.  By  these  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  Indians  on  that  part  of  the  continent  are  friendiv,  and, 
it  is  understood  that  the  climate  is  mild,  and  the  country  good,  and, 
I  am  informed,  and  believe,  that  a  great  and  valuable  trade  may  be 
cah'ied  on  there  with  more  advantage  by  this  than  any  other  country. 
By  the  extract  of  a  letter  from  the  Wintering  Partners  of  the  North- 
west Company  to  Mr.  M'Gillivray  of  Montreal,  it  will  be  seen  that 
they  are  more  or  less  apprehensive  that  the  plan  pursued  by  me  will 
more  or  less  endanger  the  valuable  and  extensive  trade  of  that  Com- 
pany, which,  though  of  some  consideration  to  this  country,  is,  in 
my  opinion,  of  less  consequence  than  the  trade  which  may  be  carried 
on,  on  the  coast,  ^nd  from  thence  to' China,  as  also,  a  considerable 
trade  with  the  Russian  settlements  in  that  part  of  the  world. 

You  will  iKtrceivc,  sir,  that  the  people  which  I  sent  out  in  aship* 
in  tlie  year  1810,  have  established  themselves  on  the  Columbia  River* 
and  have  built  a  fort,  which  1  understand  is  on  a  favorable  situation, 
about  10  or  12  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river.  If  all  the  men 
which  were  sent  thither  have  arrived  safe,  as  I  believe  they  have,  then 
there  must  be  about  150,  besides  a  number  of  natives  from  the  Sand- 
wich Islands.  ».  ,«^> 

I  know  that  the  Northwest  Company  have  communicated  my  un<- 
dcrtaking  to  the  British  government,  and,  under  present  circum- 
stances, I  think  it  more  than  probable  that  they  will  apply  for  some 
aid  to  defeat  it.  Whether  they  have  or  will  succeed  in  obtaining 
that  I  know  not. 

I  have,  however,  every  reason  to  believe,  that,  if  the  government 
does  not  aid  them,  they  will  make,  themselves,  an  effort  to  that  cflTect. 
Under  other  circumstances  than  the  present.  I  mean  in  time  of  peace, 
1  think  I  could  have  made  stand  against  that  Company;  in  the  present, 
it  becomes  doubtful  and  hazardous,  and  in  case  of  an  interference  on 
the  part  of  the  British  government,  impossible  for  an  individual  to 
hold  possession  of  a  country  which  may  become  a  source  of  wealth 
and  comfort  to  many.  In  this  situation  it  becomes  very  interesting 
to  know  somewhat  of  t!»e  views  of  government  relative  to  this  object, 
and  whctlier  the  United  States  have  or  will  assert  any  claim  to  that,  or 
any  part  of  lliat  country,  and  whether  the  government  will  deem  it 
expedient  to  take  possession  and  give  protection  to  the  infant  esta- 
l)libhmetkt  which  has  been  made.  I  presume  if  forty  or  fifty  men 
were  placed  in  the  fort  already  established,  or  on  some  more  eligible 
situatijo,  if  such  there  be,  they  could,  with  the  aid  of  the  men  alrea- 
dy there,  repel  any  force  wiiich  1  think  it  likely  the  British  would  at 


>'.« 


[45] 


A  ' 
15. 


this  time  send,  and  in  the  mean  time,  means  might  be  found  to  send 
■ome  mora  men,  and  to  strengthen  ourselves.  My  plan  was  to  have 
reconciled  the  Indians  on  the  f  lissouri  to  our  having  a  free  communi- 
cation up  that  river,  which  no  doubt,  in  a  future  day,  will  be  effected, 
whence  we  can  send  any  force  necessary  to  protect  ourselves.  But 
it  appears  necessary,  that  some  step  should  now  be  taken,  which  will 
afford  a  more  speedy  aid,  which  can  only  be  done  by  sending  a  ves- 
sel, &c.  round  Capellorn.  There  are  at  this  time  about  12  or  IS 
American  vessels  on  that  coast;  many  of  them  might  seek  and  find 
protection  in  the  Columbia  River,  if  we  had  even  a  small  force 
there.  I  beg  leave  to  say,  that  at  the  commencement  of  my  under- 
taking it  appeared  to  be  necessary  that  some  of  the  people  sent  to 
that  country  should  be  acquainted  with  the  Indian  trade,  and  they 
being  very  scarce  i.,  the  United  States,  I  have  been  under  the  neces- 
sity of  taking  some  from  Canada,  some  Candians,  and  some  few 
Scotchmen.  Although  they  have  all  become  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  I  am  more  or  less  apprehensive  that  these,  in  time  of  war,  may 
join  any  force  sent  by  the  Northwest  Company  or  the  British  go- 
vernment, and  the  more  sO,  if  there  should  be  no  appearance  of  any 
protection  from  this  country.  Tlie  number  of  these  is,  however, 
small,  and  the  principal  agent  is  a  Mr.  Hunt,  of  Trenton,  a  real 
American,  and  a  gentleman  of  integrity,  honor,  and  talents.  I  be- 
lieve at  present,  th^re  is  no  post  or  establishment  on  the  Columbia 
River,  but  the  one  here  spoken  of,  though  I  am  pretty  sure  the  North- 
west Company  will  endeavour  to  fix  one,  as  I  have  just  now  a  letter, 
dated  19th  November,  in  London,  which  says  the  Northwest  Com- 
pany are  fitting  the  ship  Isaac  Todd,  of  about  500  tons,  to  go  to 
the  Northwest  coast.  The  writer  does  not  say  under  what  circum- 
stances the  ship  goes,  but  that  she  will  go  to  Columbia  River  there 
can  be  no  doubt.  I  pray  you,  sir,  to  have  the  goodness  to  bring  this 
subject  under  the  consideration  of  the  President,  and  if  permitted,  I 
would  ask  the  favor  of  being  informed  of  the  result,  which  is  the 
more  desirable,  as  1  expect  very  shortly  an  opportunity  of  Bending 
a  messenger  to  that  quarter  of  the  world.  I  am  sure  the  government 
will  readily  see  the  ilinportance  of  having  possession^  and  the  command, 
of  a  river  so  important  and  extensive  ^  the  Columbia,  tlie  fountain  of 
which  cannot  be  far  distant  from  that  of  the  River  Missouri.  ,  .^^ 
1  have  the  honor  to  be,  ^         ,      i 

»:  Respectfully,  ,       '. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  JACOB  ASTOR. 
To  the  Hon.  James  Monroe, 
,  Secretary  of  Btatt. 

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United  States  or  America,")  i-  .  ^ 

City  of  JS'ew  Fork.  J^^' 

Be  it  known,  Th&t,  on  the  day  of  the  date  hereof,  before  me,  John 
G.  Bogert,  a  Public  Notary  in  and  for  the  state  of  New  York, 
(l.  s.)  duly  admitted  and  sworn,  dwelling  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
personally  came  Wilson  P.  Hunt,  who,  being  by  me  duly 
sworn,  did  declare  and  say,  that  the  annexed  agreement,  invento- 
ries and  account  current  by  which  the  projjerty  of  the  late  Pacific 
Fur  Company  was  transferred  to  the  Northwest  Company  of  Ca- 
nada, which  agreement  said  Hunt  had  not  in  his  power  to  reject,  as 
the  property  had  been  some  months  in  the  possession  of  said  North- 
west Company,  when  said  Hunt  returned  to  Astoria,  the  28th  Fe-. 
bruary,  1814.  ./ji2Sf.  v^*. 

That,  in  explanation  of  the  first  article  of  said  agreement,  he  de- 
clares nothing  more  to  have  been  intended  or  understood  by  the  word 
**  Establishment,"  than  the  dwelling  houses  and  stores,  and  not  right 
of  soil,  erected  by  the  Pacific  Fur  Company,  at  Astoria,  as  is  fully 
shewn  by  reference  to  the  fourth  article  of  said  agreement;  and  to 
the  tenth  page  of  said  inventory,  in  each  of  which,  the  item  of 
*<  buildings"  comprehends  all  the  property  of  that  description  paid 
for  by  the  North  West  Company;  and  he  further  declares,  that  he 
never  gave  or  conveyed  to  any  person  whatever,  any  right  or  title 
to  lands  on  the  Columbia  river,  and  the  Northwest  Coast,  nor  has 
he  any  knowledge  or  suspicion  of  any  member  of  the  late  Pacific 
Fur  Company  having  transferred  land  to  the  Northwest  Company; 
more  particularly,  as  no  person  was  authorized  so  to  do. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  subscribed  my  name,  and 

,  affixed  my  seal  of  office,  the  twelfth  day  of  January,  in  the  year 
'.'       of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighteen. 

J.  G.  BOGERT,  JV.  Puk, 

WimonP.  Hunt.  ^    /       '.       *    :?  *   ■         > 


.,♦. 


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The  Association  heretofore  carrying  on  the  fur  trade  to  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  and  its  dependencies,  under  the  firm  and  denomination 
of  the  Pacific  Fur  Company,  being  dissolved  on  the  first  of  July 
last,  by  Duncan  McDougall,  Donald  McKenzie,  David  Stuart,  and 
John  Clarke,  with  the  intention  to  abandon  the  trade  in  that  quarter, 
it  is  hereby  agreed,  concluded,  and  settled  upon,  of  their  own  free 
will  twid  consent,  by  Duncan  McDougall,  acting  for  himself,  and  in 
belialf  of  his  associates,  namely,  Donald  McKenzie,  David  Stuart, 
and  John  Clarke,  on  the  one  part,  and  John  George  McTavish,  and 
John  Stuart,  acting  for  tbcmaelves,  and  in  behalf  of  the  Northwest 
Company,  on  the  other  part,  That  the  following  agreement  and  set- 
tlement tal;;;  place  between  them,  and  he  binding  and  obligatory  in 


m 


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[45  J 


47 


the  manner  and  subject  to  the  terms  and  agreements  hereinafter  spe- 
cified aid  contained:  Now,  tlieiet'ore,  it  is  heioby  mutually  agrerd 
and  concluded,  by  and  between  the  said  jiarties  to  these  presents,  and 
they  do  hereby  mutUHlly  covenant  and  agree,  to  and  with  each  other, 
in  manner  following,  that  is  to  say — 

Art.  1.  The  party  of  the  former  part  hei-eby  covenants  and  agrees 
to  deliver,  or  cause  to  be  delivered,  the  whole  of  their  estahlishmentsi 
furs,  and  present  stork  on  hand,  on  tlie  Columbia  and  Thompsons 
rivers,  as  soon  as  the  necessary  inventories  can  be  taken,  unto  the 
said  party  of  the  latter  part,  or  any  other  person  or  persons  appoint* 
ed  by  them  to  i-epresent  the  Northwest  Company,  to  receive  the 
same  at  the  prices  and  rates  concluded  and  agreed  upon  as  hereinaf- 
ter specified  in  article  4th. 

,    Akt.  2.    In  consideration  of  article  first  being  duly  and  faithfully 
performed  by  the  party  of  the  former  part,  thoy ,  tl»e  said  John  George 
McTavish,  and  John  Stuart,   for  tliemselvcs,   and  on  behalf  of  thb 
Northwest  Company,  do  bind  and  oblige  themselves  and  the  said 
Northwest  Company,  or  their  agents,  to  pay,  or  cause  to  be  paid, 
unto  the  said  Duncan  McDougall,  acting  for  himself  and  in  behalf  of 
his  associates,  as  before  mentioned,  his  attorneys,  assigns,  or  order^ 
the  amount  of  the  sum  or  sums  arising  from  the  sale  according  to 
article  first,  and  the  rates  hereinafter  specified  in  article  fourrh,  at 
thi*ee  several  instalments^  the  first  otie  tltird,  on  or  before  tiie  twen- 
ty-fifth of  October,  one  thousand  eight  bundled  and  fourteen;  the 
second  one  third,  on  or  before  the  twenfy-lifth  ol  November;  and  the 
remaining  one  third,  on  or  before  tiie   twenty-fifth   of  December. 
And  further,  it  is  hereby  understood,  that,  should  the  party  of  the 
former  part  find  it  convenient  to  leave  the  amount  of  the  several 
drafts,  after  becuming  payable  as  already  specified,  in  the  hands  of 
the  party  of  the  latter  part,  or  their  agents,  that  they,  the  said  party 
of  the  latter  part,  or  their  agents,  will  allow  interest  at  six  per  cent, 
until  paid  on  demand;  and  as  there  arc  several  moneys  the  produce 
of  their  wages  due  unto  the  people  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
late  Pacific  Fur  Company,  carrying  on  trade  on  the  Columbia  and 
Thompson's  rivers,  the  said  party  of  the  latter  jiart,  namely,  John 
George  McTavish,  and  John  Stuart,  acting  for  themselves  and  the 
Northwest  Company,  or  their  agents,  do  hereby  bind  and  oblige 
themselves  to  pay,  or  cause  to  be  paid,  unto  the  several  individuals 
employed  by  the  party  of  the  former  part,  the  amoimtof  the  balances 
due  them,  according  to  the  statement  that  shall  be  delivered  by  the 
said  Duncan  McDougall,  acting  for  himself  an<l  his  associates,  as 
before  mentioned,  within  one  month  after  their  arrival  at  Montreal, 
in  the   province  of  Lower  Canada.      I'he  amount  of  which  several 
sums,  so  paid,  are  to  be  considered  as  part  and  deducted  from  the  first 
instalment,  to  be  paid  unto  tiie  said  Duncan  MrDougnll,  acting  for 
himself  and  his  associates  as  before  mentioned,  his   Httorneys,  as- 
signs, or  order,  on  or  before  the  twenty-fifth  of  October,  one  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  and  fourteen. 
Art.  3,  And  further:  The  said  John  George  McTavish  and  John 
3 


it 


[45] 


Stuart,  acting  for  tliemselves  and  the  Northwest  Company,  will  be 
gt  liberty  to  make  a  selection,  and  take  into  their  service  such  of  tlio 
people  in  the  employment  of  the  party  of  the  former  part,  as  they 
may  think  proper;  in  cuM,sideration  of  which,  the  said  party  of  the 
latter  part,  bind  and  oblige  themselves  tu  pay,  or  cause  to  be  paid, 
unto  the  said  party  of  the  former  part,  the  several  sums  due  them, 
|)y  such  as  may  enter  into  the  service  of  the  party  of  the  'latter  part* 
and  the  said  party  of  the  latter  part  further  bind  and  oblige  themr 
selves  to  provide  and  ensure  a  safe  passage  to  the  said  party  of  the 
former  part,  and  the  remaining  part  that  will  not  be  taken  into  theii' 
laervice  to  their  respective  homes.  .    « 

Art.  4.  And  further:  It  is  hereby  agreed  and  concluded  upon  by 
^he  said  parties,  that  the  following  are  the  rates  at  which  the  estabr 
}isbments,  furs,  and  stock  on  hand,  be  valued  at,  as  follows: 

Dry  goods,  stationery,  gunpowder,  and  leaf  tobacco,  fifty  per 
pent,  on  the  prime  cost. 

Ship  chandlery,  sixty  per  cent.  -^  .  , ' 

phot,  ball,  lead,  iron,  and  steel,  one  hundred  per  cent.  .1  %  * 

Deduction  on  made  up  iron  works  at  Columbia  river,  thirty-threo 
^nd  onp  third  per  cent. 

Boats,  new,  each  ten  pounds,  Halifax  currency;  j, 

do.  in  use  d«).  five  pounds,      • .     fto4.'>' 

{Shallop  wjth  rigging  comjilete,  one  hundred  and   twelve  pounds 
|;^n  shillings: 
'      Two  blacksmith's  forges  com|)lete,  twenty-five  pounds; 

plug  tobacco,  one  shilling  and  sixpence  per  pound; 
do.        do.  manufactured  at   Columbia,  one  sbilUng  and  throe 
pence  per  nound; 
i     !Peads,  assiirted,  fi\e  shillings  per  pound;      «  . , ;    I:  \  ^^^v 

Arms,  cannon,  &c.  prime  cost; 

Provisions  at  fixed  prices;  ♦  - 

Articles  in  use.  half  inventory  prices; 

Horses,  thirty  shillings  each; 

Buildings,  two  hundred  pounds; 

John  Reid's  adventure  and  freemen  in  the  vicinity  of  Snake  coun- 
^fy  and  Spanish  river,  to  deduct  one  hundred  per  cent; 

Furs,  beavpr.  ten  shillings  per  pound;  ^^-x     ^ 

Beaver  coating,  eight  shillings  and  four  pence  per  pound;     t^;*, 

MusM's^ts,  seven  pence  half-penny  each;  ,   ,4,^  .7, 

Lapd  otters,  two  shillings  and  six  pence  each;    ^       k.  a^^.  •   >' 

Sea  otters,  large,  sixt^  shillings  each. 

And  for  the  faithful  performance  of  all  and  singular  the  said  cove- 
f^^nts  and  agreem^ents,  to  be  by  them,  respectively,  kept  and  perform- 
f5d,  all  and  every  of  the  parties  to  these  presents,  bind  themselves, 
jEieparately  and  jointly,  for  their  several  associates,  firmly  by  these 
presents.    In  witnei^s  whefeo^  tbo  pi^t'ti^  to  these  presents  bavQ 


'«^- 


-^■ttkig'- 


I 


[45] 


i9 


lieir 


per 


hei^euhtoi  set  thfir  liands  and  «»Pals,  tliis  sixteenth  day  df  October,  onei 
tli«»iisaii(l  eight  hundred  and  thirteen,  at  entrance  of  Cuhiuibia  riveiv 
N.  W.  coast  of  America. 


DUN.  M'DOrGAtL^ 
J.  G.  M'TAVlSHj 
JOHN  STUAKTj 


[t.  s.] 

[l.  8.]      - 

[h.  s.] 

JOHN  C.  HALSEY,  witness, 
GA URIEL  FUANCHERE,  witness. 
ALFRED  SETON,  witness. 
WILLLAM  WALLACE,  witness. 
ANGUS  BETHCJNE,  witness. 
JAMES  M'MEfXAN,  witness. 
JOSEPH  M'GILLIVUAY,  witness. 

in  explanation  of  what  is  meant  and  intended  by  inventory  prices^ 
tor  articles  in  use  and  fixed  prices  for  pi'ovisions,  it  was  mutually 
iinderstood  by  hotli  parties,  at  tlie  time,  that  the  inventory  prices  of 
said  articles  in  use,  should  be  fixed  at  half  prime  cost,  and  that  fio 
charges  at  all  woe  to  be  made  for  provisions  or  stores  of  any  des- 
cription, and  to  prevent  any  difference  that  might,  in  future,  arise  oil 
the  subject,  it  is  hereby  mutually  understood  and  agreed  upon,  by  the 
parties  present,  that  tiie  inventory  prices  of  said  article.^,  in  use^ 
shall  be  fixed  at  half  prime  cost,  and  no  charges  at  all  be  made  for 
provisions;  which  explanation  is  to  be  considered  equally  valid  and 
binding,  as  if  inserted,  or  so  explained  in  the  body  of  the  agreement 
itself* 

DUN.  M'DOUGALL, 
7.-  ■^■"'-■''  '    '    ';"•!   •  .      J.  G.  M'TAVISH, 

-  JOHN  STUAftTw 

JOHN  C.   HALSEY,  witness.     ' 

ANGUS  BETHUNE,  witness.^     .\         ,,         .    v    .         . 

It  is  hereby  agreed,  by  and  between  the  parties  to  these  presents^ 
that,  in  consideration  of  the  arrival  of  W.  P.  Hunt,  the  atbrenien- 
tioned  Duncan  M'Dougall  wishefj  to  aissign,  and  does  hereby  assign 
to  said  W.  P.  Hunt,  the  part  which  the  said  Duncan  M'Dougallbeld 
in  acting  for  the  party  of  the  first  part,  and  for  the  completion  of  the 
aforementioned  agreement,  tlie  said  W.  P.  Hunt  holds  himself  equal- 
ly bound  with  sarid  Duncan  M*DougaII:  and  further,  to  render  thci 
article  regarding  John  Reid*s  adventure  to  the  Snake  country  more 
explicit,  it  is  hereby  fully  understood  that  fifty  per  cent  was  meant, 
instead  of  one  hundred  per  cent,  expressed  in  the  said  aforementioned! 
articles  of  agreement,  to  be  deducted.  Signed  this  10th  day  of  March/ 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fourteen. 

DUNCAN  M'DOUGALL, 


:\'*». 


•m^.. 


"Witnessed  by  Johw  C.  Halset, 
.  Angus  BETHWifSii 


WILSON   P.  HUNT, 
J.  G.  M'TAVISH, 
JOHN  STUART. 


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68 


Proviaions  and  Stores  delivered  at  Mtoria,  October,  181.1. 

2  bills,  pork 
430  lbs.      do. 

24  bbh.  beef 

319  Ibii.     do. 

5f565i  lbs.  rice. 

84  lbs.  ground  Urro 

3  bbls.  flour 
474  lbs.    do. 

1850  lbs.  dried  meat 

712  lbs.  biscuit 

3  tierces  pickled  sturgMn 
3i  bbls.  elk  meat 

10  busbels  wapetocs 
fiO        do.      potatocii 

11  bags  dried  tarro 
6,400  lbs.  dried  salmon 

300  pieces  dried  sturgeon 

28  lbs.  barley 

382  lbs.  arrow  roots 

292  lbs.  coffee 

2|  bbls.  CAi'n 

9H  gallons  mtllasses 

4  bbls.  slush 
241  lbs.  sugar 

110  gallons  vinegar 

83  lbs.  souchong  tea 

22  lbs.  bohea  tea 


Delivered  at  Okmiaakan  and  Port  Matthews, 

A''ovemJ)ev 

22fi 

and  De- 

cember  5d,  IBI.^. 

» 

7 

lbs.  coffee 

289 

lbs.  flour 

1 

keg  grease 

11  gallons  molasses 

8 

kegs  berries 

6 

bags     do. 

1 

bushel  peas 

. 

•       39 

lbs.  rice 

31 

bales  dried  salmon 

4,050 

do.         do. 

5 

lbs.  tea. 

• 

Delivered  at  Spoken  House  and  Flathead  Com 

try, 

A''ovemh('v 

22</  ami 

26//J,  iair>. 

5 

lbs.  tea 

2 

lbs.  coffee 

\ 

2 

lbs.  rice 

49 

lbs.  flour 

1 

bale  dried  salmon 

I 

do.    do.  meat 

'■* 


•;  i 


Astov 


Vv, 


.sundry  ai'tirles  delivered  Wilson  P.  Hiitit 
laoge  of  tlii!«  date,  drawn  by  John  Mr  Donald 
ivi.sh*  McGillrvray,  k  Co.  Montreal,  in  fa- 
.  P.  Hunt,  payable  isth  of  October  nex^ 

Hx.  Cy.  L.  927  l7s.6(U 


%4S6  lOi 


hange  of  the  same  date,  drawn  by  ilie  same 

me,  in  favor  of  the  same,  payable  25tli  Nov. 

Ux.  Cy.  L.4,821  Ss.  Oe/. 

Iiange  of  the  same  date,  drawn  by  the  same 

me,  in  favor  of  the  same,  ]>ayahl<!  25th  Dec. 

Hx.  Cy.  X..4,821  5s.  Od. 

lie  same  date,  drawn  by  the  same  on  '.he 
favor  of  Donald  M*K.enzie,  payable  2Jth 
next  -  -  -  - 

r  balances  due  sundry  persons,  assumed  by 
McTavish  &  Stewart   - 


3,7  U   50 

19,285  00 

2  9,285  00 

1,483  24 
14,090   17* 

S58,291   02 


,  in  belialf  of 

aOHN  JACOB  A8T0H. 


f 


9—45 

Dr. 


The  Xorihwest  Company  in 


1814. 

March  1 2tb.   To  amount  of  furs  delivered  Messrs.  McTavish  and  Stewarti 

as  per  invoice  ....  S3dfl7d  6C 

To  amount  of  invoice  of  sundry  merchandise,  &c.  delivered 

at  Astoria        ......   13,356  01 

To  amount  of  invoice  of  sundry  merchandise,  &c.  delivered 

at  Okunaakan  .....     2,333  5i 

To  amount  of  invoice  of  sundry  merchandise,  &c.  delivered 
at  Spokan        ...... 

To  amount  of  goods  delivered  Mr.  John  G.  McTavish,  June 
26th,  1813       ...... 

To  amount  of  John  Reed's  outfit  to  the  Snake  Country,  and 
Freemen's  accounts,  as  follows: 

To  amount  of  invoice  -  -        g689  68 

To       do.       J.  Hobough's  account  241  09 

J.  Reznoi's        do.  240  57 

P.  DeJaunay's    do.  189  76 

E.  Robinson's    du.  330  62 

P.  Dorion's        do.  215  85 


1,715  IJ 

858  8( 


To 

do. 

To 

do. 

To 

do. 

To 

do. 

gl,907  57 
953  78i 


953  7 


JS58,291 


£.  £.   March  12,  18J 


1 


hweat  Company  in  account  with  John  Jacob  Astor. 


Cr, 


nd  Stewart, 

c.  delivered 

c.  delivered 

LC.  delivered 

'avisli,  June 

ountry,  and 

8689  68 
241  09 
240  57 
189  76 
330  62 
215  85 

gl,907  57 
953  78i 


S3d,173  661 

-    13,256  01 

2,333  58* 

1,715   \7i 

858  80} 


953  781 
j558,29l  02 


1814. 


March  I2th.   By  amoiiiit  of  sundry  articles  delivered  Wilson  P.  Hutit 
By  bill  of  exchange  of  tliis  date,  drawn  by  John  McDonald 
on  McTavlsh,  McGillevray,  &  Co.  Montreal,  in  fa* 
vor  of  W.  P.  Hunt,  payable  iS5th  of  October  next 

Hx.  Cy.  L.  927  I7s,6d. 

By  bill  of  exchange  of  the  same  date,  drawn  by  the  same 
on  the  same,  in  favor  of  the  same,  payable  25th  Nov. 
next  -  -  Ux.  Cy.  Z,.4,821  5s.  Od. 


By  bill  of  excliange  of  the  same  date,  drawn  by  the  same 
on  the  same,  in  favor  of  the  same,  payable  25th  Dec. 
next  -  -  Hx.  Cy.  I,.4,821  5s.  Od. 


By  draft  of  the  same  date,  drawn  by  the  same  on  the 
same,  in  favor  of  Donald  M*Kenzie,  payable  25th 
October  next  -  -  -  . 

By  amount  of  balances  due  sundry  persons,  assumed  by 
Messrs.  Mc'l'avish  &  Stewart   .  -  - 


^436   10^ 


3,711   50 

19,285  00 

19,285  00 

1,483  24 
14,090   17$ 

S58,291   02 


E.   March  12,  1814. 


WILSON  P.  HUNT,  iu  behalf  of 

JOHN  JACOB  A8T0R. 


'tlU 


.' i^  mf^^jA-if 


'\''\. 


tuiilu-.'.iii   .[,''  '.'  ■   .■: 

;.'  ••  :<  i>i  ;-':.<  ■■..  ^. 


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[45  1 


65 


NOTARIAL  CERTIFICATE. 


CImted  States  of  America, 
City  of  JVew  York, 


I  ss. 


Be  it  known,  that,  on  the  day  of  the  date  hereof,  before  me,  John 
G.  Bogert,  a  public  notary  in  and  for  the  state  of  New  York,  duly 
admitted  and  sworn,  dwelling  in  the  city  of  New  York,  personally 
came  John  C.  Halsey  and  Alfred  Seton,  who,  being  by  me  duly 
Hworn,  depose  and  say,  tiiat  the  letter  hereto  annexed,  is  a  true 
copy  of  a  letter  brought  to  Asturia,  by  John.  G.  M*Tavisb,  of  the 
Northwest  Company,  and  that  they  saw  and  read  the  same,  and  each 
became  a  witness  to  a  copy  thereof,  which  Duncan  M'Dougal  had  re- 
corded in  a  book  of  the  Pacific  Fur  Company,  for  the  purjmsc  of  jus- 
tifying him  in  transferring  tlie  property  of  said  company  at  Astoria, 
to  the  Northwest  Company  of  Canada,  as  appears  by  the  subsequent 
transactions  of  said  Duncan  M'Dougal. 

JOHN  C.  HALSEY, 
ALFRED  SETON. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  subscribed  my  name,  and 
aflixed  my  seal  of  office,  the  twelfth  day  of  January,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighteen. 

JOHN  G.  BOGERT. 


Extract  of  a  letter  addressed  to  Mr.  John  G.  M*Taxishf  Columbia  Ri- 
ver, from  .S.  Shaw,  agent  for  the  JVorlhwest  Company,  dated  Jlon- 
treat,  9th  May,  1813. 

Astoria,  Columbia  River,  Oct.  9th,  1813. 

My  Dear  Sir:  We  are  in  Imrry  and  confusion,  preparing  pa- 
pers, &c.  for  the  express  canoe,  having  waited  impatiently  for  some 
time.  It  was  at  last  determined  upon  to  send  it  oiT,  without  lia\ing 
received  the  least  knowledge  of  what  has  been  doing  in  England  since 
December  last;  but,  fortunately,  the  arrival  of  a  frigate  brought  us  ac- 
counts of  the  Isaac  Todd,  having  on  board  Messrs.  M'Tavish  and 
McDonald,  being  ready  for  sea  on  the  18th  March.  She  is  accompa- 
nied by  a  frigate,  to  take  and  destroy  every  thing  tliiit  is  American  ou 
the  JNorthwest  coast. 

DUN.  M'OOUGALL. 
DONALD  M-KENZIE, 
lOilN  CLAiJK, 
A  LI  RE  O  S]':rON. 
.lOilN   C.  II  VLSI, Y, 

(lASJ  rrvA:scnE:iE, 

AVILLIAM   WALLACE. 
10 


